The Andre Yates Case Crime And Delinquency - 1602 Words

Beatrice Benjamin Crime and Delinquency SO209 12/03/14 The Andre Yates Case On June 20th 2001, Andrea Yates drowned her five children in the bathtub of her small suburban home in Clear Lake Texas. The subsequent trial and conviction caused a gargantuan amount of controversy. Jurors found Andrea guilty and sentenced her to life in prison despite the fact that there was an abundance of evidence to suggest that Andrea was legally insane at the time of the killings. In fact, 63% of the American public wanted her to receive the death penalty (). Although she was eventually acquitted by reason of insanity, both the judicial system and the American public should take a more mental-health-aware approach to the individuals they commit to prison. Andrea Yates, then Andrea Kennedy, was born July 2nd 1964 to a middle class family in Houston, Texas. From the start she was an overachiever and goal oriented. She maintained high marks in school, graduated valedictorian and had been captain of the swim team. Forensic psychiatrist _____________, an expert witness for t he defendant in the trial, would later comment on her constant desire and need to be perfect in everything she did. She attended University of Texas Health and Science Center’s nursing program and had a successful career as a nurse, a job that she later resigned from after conceiving her first child. Andrea was 25 when she met her husband Russell â€Å"Rusty† Yates, after dating for three years theyShow MoreRelatedEbooks Solution Manuals and Test Banks for Text Books19223 Words   |  77 PagesHealth by Rebecca J. Donatelle, Emeritus,Patricia Ketcham 12 Instructor’s Manual Access to Health by Rebecca J. Donatelle, Emeritus,Patricia Ketcham 12 Test Bank Accounting and Auditing Research Tools and Strategies by Weirich, Pearson, Churyk 7 Cases Solutions Accounting and Auditing Research Tools and Strategies by Weirich, Pearson, Churyk 7 Solution Manual Accounting by Carl S. Warren, James M. Reeve 24 Instructor’s Manual Accounting by Carl S. Warren, James M. Reeve 24 Test Bank Accounting

Memo Reaching College Students Free Essays

Reaching College Students We have already noted that college students are frequent volunteers and can therefore be a fundamental help in the attainment of the firm’s objectives.   Being a non-profit making organization, the assistance provided by volunteers is fundamental to ensure that we provide the services that our firm was set for. Communication Strategies Promotional tools are usually adopted in order to convey a message to the targeted group. We will write a custom essay sample on Memo Reaching College Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now    However, in this case, our objective is not only to communicate the message but also to induce involvement in our activities by the college students we are trying to reach (Bellis M.).   It is of fundamental importance that the promotion adopted adheres to our corporate objectives. Promotional Techniques and Materials The promotional techniques and mediums should be ones that effectively reach the students.   In this respect I suggest advertising and public relations.   The correct advertising medium would be college magazines that are aimed to reach mass quantities of students (Kotler P. et al. 1999, p 773-776). With respect to public relations, we should also seek arrangements with college deans so that we can perform public relation lectures in which we outline our objectives and activities.   At this stage, applications should also be forwarded to interested volunteers. It is very important that the messages conveyed in the promotion mix try to reveal encourage students to volunteer by showing how much they can help.   We ought to try to evoke the kindness inherent in them. References: Bellis M. Marketing Plan for the Independent Vendor (on line). Available from: http://inventors.about.com/od/advertisingmedia/a/effective_marke.htm (Accessed 22nd March 2007). Kotler P.; Armstrong G.; Saunders J.; Wong V. Principles of Marketing. Second How to cite Memo Reaching College Students, Essay examples

Internet Of Things In Health Care Industry †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Internet Of Things In Health Care Industry? Answer: Introduction The Internet of things is a growing topic of conversation both in the work place and outside the work place. It has the potential to impact not only how to live but also the technique we use to work. Broadband internet connections is becoming famous all around the world with it the cost related to it is decreasing and more devices are created with wifi capability and sensors build into them. The technical cost related to it is decreasing and the Smartphone penetration is sky rocketing (Cui, 2016, p. 66). Taking into consideration the concepts of IoT, it is creating a perfect infrastructure. The internet of things has numerous numbers of applications in the health care industry. This can be related to remote management to smart sensors and integration of medical device. The main aim of the report is to put emphasis on different aspect of internet of things putting emphasis on the various components involved in the terminology and the role and importance of the internet of things in the modern world. Problem Definition The internet of things is a futuristic technology which mainly involves interconnection of the devices and the internet is proposed. With IoT the risk of losing data is there because of the transmission of the data from one point to another which can be referred to as the main problem statement (Ritz Knaack, 2017, p.76). Solution with Features It has to be taken in consideration that the internet of thing with relevance to the health care industry is not in widespread use. But it has been estimated that in the near future there would be massive increase in the IoT for health care both with respect to clinical side as well as the back end side (Osseiran, 2017, p.84). The technology has a myriad of applications with relate to health care industry that can be finanacial for patient, families and physician as well. Some Hospitals are using the technology in health care to keep all the patients safe and secured. These example merely scrape, the surface of the potentials related to the IoT health care industry (Deshpande, Mathur Krishnamurthy, 2016, p.46). Diagram to visualize the project Figure 1: Using IoT to monitor health remotely. SOURCE: (Medicaldesignbriefs.com, 2017) Explanation on how it works IoT can be used to directly link any field in the sphere of health care. The process can be involved in many aspects. The internet of things has a myriad of applications in health care which can be beneficial to the patients, physician and the families (Rajdhev David, 2017, p.79). Some of the hospitals are using the aspect of IoT in health care in order to keep the tiniest patient safe and healthy, while others are using the implementation of the technology to keep track of the inventory. Pros and Cons of IoT in Health Care The major pros of IoT in Health Care are: Decreased cost: health care takes the advantage of the health care providers in order to achieve their goals. The main aspect of this is that patient monitoring can be done in real time this can result in significant reduce of the visit of the doctor (Bughin Chui, 2016,p.120). Improve outcome of Treatment: the cloud computing solution can be taken advantage in the field of accessing information. There can be access of the information in real time that enables to make decisions quickly that would directly reflect on the quality of the service. (Deshpande, Mathur Krishnamurthy, 2016, p.46). Reduce error: the whole system would be automated which would result in better managing of the system and reduced human error. Work flow when connected with data driven can be an excellent way in order to reduce waste and decreasing cost related to system. The major cons of IoT in Health Care are: Expensive: Consists of sophisticated technologies which cost too much for common people to afford. Hack able: as the product is running on a wireless network hackers will be able to hack the system. Over dependency on technology: the use of technology is used in extensive and requires professionals to take care of the module. Conclusion It can be concluded from the report that internet of things play a vital role in every sphere of life. In medical scenario it mainly puts emphasis on the service related aspect and providing better treatment with reducing cost involved in the treatment. In the near future more technological advancement is expected in this field which would be making life more flexible and reliable. References Bughin, J., Chui, M. (2017). The Internet of Things: Assessing Its Potential and Identifying the Enablers Needed to Capture the Opportunity. In The Internet of Things in the Modern Business Environment (pp. 111-125). IGI Global. Cui, X. (2016). The internet of things. In Ethical Ripples of Creativity and Innovation (pp. 61-68). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Deshpande, A., Mathur, A., Krishnamurthy, S. (2016). Application of Internet of Things in Healthcare Sector for Bottom of Pyramid in India (pp.46). Osseiran, A., Elloumi, O., Song, J., Monserrat, J. F. (2017). Internet of Things. IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, 1(2), 84-84. Rajdhev, M., David, D. S. (2017). Internet of Things for Health Care (pp. 78-85). Ritz, J., Knaack, Z. (2017). internet of things. Technology Engineering Teacher, 76(6).

Outline the Learning Theory of Attachments free essay sample

Outline the learning theory explanation of attachments. The learning theory proposes that attachment behaviours are learnt through the imitation of the attachment figures meaning they are not innate. One explanation of how this happens is through Classical Conditioning. In the Learning Theory Classical Conditioning is the forming of an attachment through association. The Learning Theory states that when a baby is born they naturally want food. When the mother feeds the baby it automatically associates the food which is the primary reinforces with its mother who is the secondary reinforces. Therefore an attachment is formed with the mother because she is giving what the baby needs most. the mother feeding the baby when the baby cries will mean that the baby learns that crying will get them food which then makes the baby happy, the food is the unconditioned stimulus and the happiness from the child is the unconditioned response the primary care giver is the neutral stimulus, over time the baby will associate the mother with food and the presence of just the mother will make the baby happy, the mother is the conditioned stimulus and the baby being happy to see the mother is the conditioned response. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline the Learning Theory of Attachments or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another explanation of how attachments are learned according to the Learning Theory is through Operant Conditioning. Operant Conditioning involves reinforcement or a reward to maintain a relationship. Dollard and Miller stated that all babies are born with a need to reduce feelings of hunger. When the mother feeds the baby it acts as a positive reinforcement or a reward on the behaviour of the baby. The reward that the baby receives is a positive reward and therefore the baby is likely to repeat the same behaviour to provoke the same response from the mother. This reinforces the attachment bond between mother and child because she is the one providing the food. Dollard Miller (1950) used the term secondary drive hypothesis to describe the processes of learning an attachment through operant and classical conditioning. Secondary drive hypothesis explains how primary drives which are essential for survival, such as eating when hungry, become associated with secondary drives such as emotional closeness. They extended the theory to explain that attachment is a two way process that the caregiver must also learn, and this occurs through negative reinforcement when the caregiver feels pleasure because the infant is no longer distressed.

African American women in goverment essays

African American women in goverment essays If we were to analyze the annals of history, we would discover and uncover so many interesting events that contribute to the Unites States of America, that we all call home today. Looking in the past and seeing Neil Armstrong take his first steps on the moon would tantalize our minds with discovery. Or watching with horror and disbelief as we see Japan sweep over Pearl Harbor. If we peered a little deeper, we would see that African-American women have been pioneers and trailblazers in our government. They have made outstanding accomplishments and broken through so many barriers. Women like Johnnie Gibson, Jane Bolin, and Carol Braun have made astonishing changes in our government and on how the world views African-American women. Jonnie Mae Gibson was the first African-American female undercover agent to work for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (McClure 1). Johnnie Gibson was born on March 1, 1979 in Caryville, Florida (McClure 2). Gibson grew up and received her early education in Florida (2). After graduating from high school, she continued her education and received an Associate degree in Nursing at Chipola Junior College in Marianna, Florida (2). In the year of 1968, Gibson earned her bachelors degree from Albany State College (2). She advanced even more in her studies and received her masters degree in education from Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia in 1976 (2). Gibson then started working for the police department in Albany, Georgia (McClure 2). She worked for Albany Police Department for three years and then she received news from the F.B.I. (2). After four to six months of background investigation, she was informed that she had two weeks to prepare before she went away to F.B.I. training in Quantico, Virginia (2). Gibson had a difficult decision to make, would she stay in Albany where she was comfortable or go somewhere where she knew life would not be so placid. Gibson prepared herself to ...

A Gift from a Son Who Died Essay Sample

cubic decimeter thought the Sun and the Moon would travel oui. I thought ioy itself would decease when Eric died. He had given so much to all ot us his household. his iriends And yet his decease is non the terminal oi ioy after all lt s sornehow another beginning. . lour’ Eric died at 22. aller a ahd-a-half -year battle with leukaemia. R While he left thallium with the deep contusions ol heartache. he left us sg much more So much to celebratel There’s a triumph here that I m still lrying io understand Why do l. even in loss. leel stronger? Why does life on lhis untldy. unsafe planet seem more wonderfullY Precious? I am witting now ol the vaiue of each good minute. the importance oi blowing nil. These lhings are Eric’s gildings to me. They weren’t easy bought or qui6kly accepted. And noi all came iied with ribbonst manY were delivered with blows ln add-on to leLrkemla. Eric was enduring from adolescence. And there were iimes when this status took more oui of us than his other one A seventeen-year-old male child who may non populate to go a adult male is all of a sudden in a great haste. Like a hawkish new state he wants instant lndependence and no comprornises A { ier the ilrst few hebdomads Eric qulckly took charge oi his unwellness cubic decimeter was no longer to speak io the physicians ln Nraga’ ne Copvrighl vitamin E ) lact-the message came through clearly-l was no longer to speak at all unless lcould avoid sounding like a disquieted female parent. Possibly it would hold been dilferent iJ we’d had a opportunity cubic decimeter ( J preparo tor whal was coming. but it was a bolt of lightning from a cloudless sky. We live in a little ConnocticLlt town. merely a block from the beach. This had been a summer Iike many others. The forepart hall was. as usual. full ol sand and kicked-of T gym shoes. cryptic towels thal didn’l belong lo us. an assorlment ol swimming Lins. and association football balls. By September. l. like many female parents. was hall-lo’rgilg for school to slarl and hal’dreading it. Our twenty-year-old girl had married. and now Eric was packed and ready to travel otf ior his first-year twelvemonth at the Universily of Connecticut. But len-year-old Lisa and ‘ourleen-year-old Mark would still oe al place. lkept telljng myself how lucky Id oe to hold less laundry and fewer cooky crumbs to postulate with. But I didn’t precisely believe it. One afternoon Eric and lboth wanted the auto at the same minute. †1ve got to run al the path. N4om. † He was have oning his association football shoris and running places. â€Å"lve merely got two more yearss before school starls. and Im non in form † I knew how much he wanted to do the lreshman association football squad when he got to college. but I had work to. make. â€Å"l have to travel to the pressman. † lsaid. â€Å"But l’ll bead you ofl at the field and choice y ou up subsequently. † â€Å"Okay. He scowled a spot at the via media. As we drove olf together. I noticed something on his leg-an ugly ruddy sore. large and unit of ammunition as a Ag dollar’ There was another larther down. And another on his other leg. â€Å"Eric. What have you got on Your legs? † â€Å"Dunno. Liille infection possibly. † †lt doesn’t look small to me. cubic decimeter protested. â€Å"lmpeiigo is what it looks like. We’d better travel R ; ght over to the doctor’s ‘like mad. lf that’s what it ls. they aren t even traveling to allow you into the cabinet room. We ve got two yearss before You qo. Let’s acquire the physician to unclutter it up office. ’ – â€Å"Moml† He was ferocious. †Eric. ‘ I said- â€Å"lmpetigo spreads †All right. † he said dully. The sores did non look like impetigo to our physician. He told his secreiary to name ll^e hospilal a ’ld â€Å"-range to hold E. Intelligence Communities admilted following forenoon for trials. Be at that place at eight. Eric. † he said†What trials? † lturned to the physician. Eric had had a complele physical requ’red lor all freshers. merely 12 yearss before. Blood tesls. excessively. He’d passed wilh winging colourss. †I want them lo rebroadcast some of the blood trials. ‘ said the physician. I’ve besides ordered a bone marrow-† I blanked out the words â€Å"bone marrow† as if I’d neer heard them Alter all. llhought as we drove home’ he d jlst had that perfect physical. ‘ Yet the nexl afternoon when the phone rang and the physician was saying’ â€Å"l’d like to speak to you and your hubby togelher-† I knew at one time. â€Å"You don Ts have to state me. † I said. â€Å"l know. Eric has leukamla. † I was one time in a house struck bY lightning. The sensati on’ the scene’ even the unusual electrical odor relurned at that minute A powerful bolt seemed to enie. the top ol my skull as I got the message. . Eric had leukemiaHe’d ever been a all right athlete’ a competilor. a smuggler. Now fate had lripped him ; he stumbled and fell’ Yet how rapidly he tried to acquire up and fall in the race againl Leli at horno that lall. really ill. with his friends scatlering to schools and iobs. he still was determined to travel to college subsequently. analyze difficult. nlake the association football ieam. finally make all Arnerican. To these ends he shortly added suppress symptoms and produce periods of remittal. They did non cognize how to bring around it. There was hope. though’ in the fact that Eric had a type ol childhood leukaemia that was particularly antiphonal to drug thorapy. { BY now. a lew youngsiers arb really belng cuaed of it. ) But Eric. Al 17. was beyond the age of most efiective intervention Soon we discovered that his body overreacted to many of the best drugs and that the recommended high dosage’ needed to destruct morbid cells. tended excessively rapidly to pass over out heallhy ones’ There were times during those first months when I saw him agitate. tighting for control. After all. it hadn t been tqo. long since he was a little male child who could throw himself in my a. MS for comlort Part of him must hold been shouting. †Please salvage me! Don’t allow me diel† fifty couldn’t save him. but lcould show him my ain best courago cubic decimeter learned to conceal my conceln. my tenderness’ and lsaw he was strengthened by my composure He had to run free to be a mafl lwanted that. lf there were io be no other option. eventua ly I would assist him decease like a We learned to be insouciant with danger. to populate with decease I! st around ihe corner. Whenever Eric was discharged irom the infirmary after lransiusions ( first they would give him two. ihˆn five. lhen seven ) . he would lly toss off the stairss one more-to stay alive We both knew ihat lremendous ordeals lay in front Leukemia malignant neoplastic disease of the blood. had always been a fleet slayer When Eric develoPed lhe dlsease in 1968. physicians had merely found ways to decelerate it down by utilizing powerlul drugs lo A Time lor couraqe merely singing a dut { el bag’ as Illinois he were himback lrom a great weekend l’d manus the keys to lhe auto. slide over. and Ho would pick up his life as if nil had happened. Bqt there were ever drugs’ ever turns of sickness. I remember one time slarting uP the stepss to convey him a cup oJ weak tea He passed me on the manner down have oning his swim short pantss and transporting a speal gun get lgnor: ng l’le lea. he said Vaybe cubic decimeter ll played pick-up you a fish lor supper† He soccer. weekend foolball’ and hoops with a haemoglobin so low it left him short of breath. on occasion falnt On ihe hoops tribunal. his teammates. galloping lor a end at the other terminal of the gym. would shout†Ã¢â‚¬ËœJusl remain there’ Eric-we’11 be right back. † ll was ever more than a game he played. His life was on the line’ †Exercise. Attitlld6. Desire were the chalked words on his chalkboard These threo words would convey him through †You don t dice of leuk you know. ’ he qoes said one time lo me Somelhi. g else traveling to Your bosom. Or your child ; eys lm l’m be ready ior it when it comes for ‘ne traveling to win. But he was rioi coniused about ihe nature of hls enemy-at least nol by the clip he d exhausted some hebdomads on the 8th lloor of [ 4emorial Hospitals Ewing Pavilllon in New York Ewing Pallenls speak a batch about remittals. oi class. Remission -that seductive wordl Hope. with the end_tohope implied. Eric’s remittals encouraged us Once he gol an elevenmonth stay of executing with the dr! g at him Methotrexate. I remember beach Thai summer as he ran the ‘ooklng with triends. AII of them tan. radiance. happy’ allwith the same powqrful shoulders’ the same strong. brown legs What could at that place be in the bonds of one that differed from the others? The following twenty-four hours Memo’ial phoned- Eric’s most recent trials had showa that his remittal was at an terminal Even as lwatched him. wild cells had been jumping up in his marrow like dragon’s ieeth. More and so more AIM/ays more than could be slain’ ‘ Eric endured and survived many crises- He learned to populate on the border of the shelf and non look down Whenever he had to be in the hospital’ Memorial’s doclors qave him passes to get away tho horror. Once he wenl out beckoning good-by to less fortunate inmales on the’floor. merely to return an hr subsequently beckoning from the ambulance stretcher. There was no livjng withoul R ; sks and so he tool them. { Th: s is one of his particular giits to me. Darel Take life. dangers and all. ) The disease gained on him. To forestall infitction Ho was fjnally put jn a windowless. stray chamber. the laminal air-flow room. Sterile air. sleriJe everything. sterjle masks. caps. gowns. baseball mitts for anyone come ining his room. He joked. played io the eager audjence peering through his gtass-windowed door. And so sudden terrible bleedings. Six yearss of unconsciousness. soarjng febrilities. His white count was perilously low. Plalelet count zerol Hemoglobin barely deserving adverting. Certain I thougrrt. Thursday. s rs the terminal. 8ut friends came. literally by bLsloads to gtve blood for t. ansfusrors During that crisisr it took more than 32 blood givers a twenty-four hours merely to maintain him alive. lwatched the physicians and nurses proding for veins_ taping both needled weaponries lo boards. packing the bleedings. agitating him to bestir him irom daze. and llhoughl: EnoughlLet him dje in peacel Why brlng him back lor more? He’s proved himsetl-and beyond. He s had two qood old ages of college. He made the association football squad and even made the dean’s list. No morel Let him gol But I had atom to larn about my son’s strength and lesources. There was still much good tife to be lived at the border of the dark topographic point. Erio came back. He had to stay in the laminal air-flow room. off and on. for about fou. . months. Yet within hebdomads hˆ was running from 12 to fifteen stat mis a twenty-four hours. That spring. he didn cubic decimeter acquire back lo coltege. but in hjs absence they named him captain of the association football leam ; he received lhe award for The l4ost lmproved ptayer. and fina Y was ljsted among the All-New England All-Stars. Proud awards. jusuy won. And rl. ere were others. We have a bookcase full of plaques and decorations. BJt I I’easure even more the rhings they don’t give decorations for: his irreverent wit ; the warmlh and love and consideration he qave his lrjends. especjally his companions in the War on the Eighth Floor. For these last he was a jaunty hero. subsister ol heroic poem batfles. yet he was ever one of them ; hopefully. the Golden Warrior who would take them all to victory-or at least flight. He and a fetlow lnmate about managed it one time. Hiding themselves in laundry carts under djrty linen. they rode down nine floors on the service lift and out to the pavement. Just short of oe’rg joaded wilh tl^e taurdry on a t. uc. they decided to give thenselves up and travel back to cram maarow’ endovenous bottles. and the remainder of it. There was after all. no existent manner oulAs a varlation on the subject of flight. Eric invenled Ralph the Camel. a melancholic dromedary who’ although hospitalized { or â€Å"humpomeia†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ someway managed to last all the witless ireatments his dociors could invent. lncluding day-to-day injections of pineapple juice. Ealph starred in a series of belowground amusing books known as The AdlentLrres ol Eiting 8. which featured Memori al’s top physicians. nurses’ technicians. and other notables’ all drawn by Eric in unmerciful imitation As Dr Bayard Clarkson put it. Eric spared no 1. but we could haadly wait for the following Advenhue- ‘ When they asked for more. his monetary value was simple: â€Å"Get me in remittal. two looked convincing. The dociors broke up. The ward cheered! For the moment’ wit had decease on the tally. The 8th lloor was a bad Topographic point to do friends. As one crusty old patienl put ii. Makg mutton quad and you’ll lose’em † Bul lor Eric. there was no manner to remain uninvolved. ln the beginning he looked for the secrets of endurance in the most spiriled people around him. â€Å"That Eileen is so great. ’ he told me ‘She’s crush this thing tor five yearsl† Or. â€Å"Look at that old glry. Mr. Miller’ They merely took out his lien. but he’s hanging in therel† . Then. as the months oi his interventions lengthened into old ages. he began to see them travel. The good. the brave. the beautilul. the weak. the whining. thˆ passive- They were all traveling the same manner. . Eileen. Mr. l4iller’ and so many more. when he was at place during one of his last remissions’ he chalked uP new words on his chalkboard. ‘We are all in the same boat in a stormy sea and we owe each olher a lerrible loyally ( G. K Cheslerton ) Eric would non abandon or fauli his companlons He would play his bosom out while the qame might 6till be won’ but he was get downing to ihink ol the unthinkable. The casualty lists on the eighlh floor were long. At the terminal. Eric eventually accepted his ain decease. This credence was his last’ most cherished gilding to me-what made my one ol his feats becarne a fable.

Eminent Domain (Real Estate Analysis) Research Paper

Eminent Domain (Real Estate Analysis) - Research Paper Example In most cases use of eminent domain by real estate developers results in disputes and court proceedings referred to as condemnation proceedings. Additionally, use of eminent domain by private agents can result in increased corruption since the agents can use the process to enable them pay less for property. In some cases, government official have been involved in corruption whereby they have used eminent domain to acquire private property and later sold it to private developers. The power of eminent domain is restrained by public clause of Fifth Amendment, which requires that the government provide adequate evidence for the acquisition in addition to just compensation before seizing private property for public use (Aycock and Black 53-54). Initially, the eminent domain was used to obtain private properties for public uses such as schools, roads, and parks. However, the eminent domain has been expanded and is often used to include other project meant to benefit the public. Real estate agents are thus able to employ the power of eminent domain when they want to acquire property for purposes such as urban renewal projects. Several real estate agents help in fostering development, which is crucial for economic growth. They are thus empowered by eminent domain to acquire property for commercial development (Aycock and Black 53-55). There are many questions regarding the legitimacy of eminent domain especially when it is used to acquire property for private developers such as real estate agents. Although the government is required to provide evidence that the project is for public benefit, there are question on how some real estate projects benefit the public. Additionally, ways of calculating of the just compensation is questionable. Therefore, it is important that the government exercise eminent domain carefully since it affect the constitutional rights of the property owners (Cook Web). Transfer of property land to real estate agents entails

Waste management short essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Waste management short - Essay Example Methods of managing waste could vary from depending on the geographical location and conditions of the area (Kreith & George, 2002). Some of the most common and efficient methods of waste disposal that could be used include reusing of goods to extend their lifespan, decreasing the amount of waste from industries (Ghosh, 2003). Waste management has become of importance in all cities across the world due to the growing population and high consumerism. The urbanization, growth and development in developed and some developing countries have also attributed increased wastes. Most of these countries however lack a proper way of managing this waste to prevent environmental pollution. The destruction of the environment can also be attributed to use of hazardous materials that produce toxic waste such as paints batteries, fluorescent lights, and other material which emit toxic chemicals (Kreith & George, 2002). Mismanagement of hazardous waste poses a threat to the environment as well as endangering human health. Solid waste from factories has attributed to the release of industrial waste that could be hazardous to human beings. Most of these factories have unfortunately not implemented ways to manage the waste they produce. Appropriate management of waste should however be approached systematically in logical steps. The first important step to waste management is to identify the type of waste since there is diverse range of waste of which each has different ways of disposal (Lemann, 2008). For instance waste can be identified to be organic, toxic, recyclable or soiled waste. The second step of waste management is to evaluate the waste. Evaluation is done to examine the characteristics of the waste in terms of hazard levels, physical characteristics. Evaluation also helps come up with how best the identified waste can be managed without destroying the environment. Upon evaluation, it is determined whether the waste is hazardous or non hazardous. The process of

Causes of Anorexia Nervosa Essay Example for Free

Causes of Anorexia Nervosa Essay Many people wish to have a perfect body. Desires of having a perfect body could lead to a disorder called, anorexia nervosa. This disease is an eating disorder characterized by low body weight and a fear of becoming overweight. Anorexia nervosa is mainly related to an individual’s emotionality. Some of the causes of this disease are, personal feelings, stressful events, and cultural influences. The first cause of anorexia nervosa that is the most important cause is a worthless personal feeling. A person who has a low self-esteem usually feels valueless. Despite achievements in his or her life, they do not like the way he or she looks. These feelings cause the individual to feel rejected and have an alleged pressure from the society. Teens become very depressed when they are over weight, because people tease them and they feel that they cannot fit in with the crowd. Even if a teenager is not overweight, one may feel that they must maintain their body size. As a consequence, an anorexic person is always looking for the perfection, causing them to have a feeling of worthlessness. The next cause of this disorder is the existence of stressful events in life. Although anorexia is linked to a physical condition, the real cause is related to an individual’s emotionality. Someone may usually feel stressed and worried when they are working and are under pressure. The feeling of stress can cause one to not feel like eating. Commonly people suffer nervousness as a consequence of experience and life changes. These situations begin to affect the schedule of daily living. People can become very busy and feel that if they skip a meal it will be okay. Sometimes if more than one meal is skipped, this can lead to someone not participating in vital activities to stay healthy. In the case of anorexia nervosa, a person is stressed and begins to stop eating in the right times or even stop eating altogether. Another cause of anorexia is the cultural influence of the country where we live today. In many societies, they consider that the ideal beauty is based on extreme thinness. In today’s society, this idea has caused thousands of women and men to turn to starvation, diets, or people use products that supposedly make them lose weight in a few days. Being extremely thin has become an important factor for people. To many people being thin represents beauty, success, happiness, and self-control. People are targeted with messages from the media that they must diet to meet this standard. This ideal body image is almost impossible for most people to reach, leaving them very dissatisfied with their body image. The causes of anorexia nervosa are situations that may look normal, but have deathly consequences. This is a serious, possibly terminal illness. People, who have this disease have, negative personal feelings, stressful events in their life, and cultural influences.

Baron Haussmann and the redesign of Paris :: Essays Papers

Baron Haussmann and the redesign of Paris During the last half of the 1800’s and the early part of the 1900’s urban population in western Europe made enormous increases. During this period France’s overall population living in cities increased twenty percent, and in Germany the increase was almost thirty percent. This great flow of people into cities created many problems in resource demands and patterns of urban life. These demands created a revolution in sanitation and medicine. Part of this revolution was the redesigning of cities. G.E. Baron Von Haussmann was the genius behind the new plans for the city of Paris. The redesign of Paris was one of the greatest ambitions for Napoleon III. He wanted to create another London, with large parks and open spaces. It also came out of the need for more efficient housing, wider streets to prevent riots and the building of a sewer system to stop the spread of diseases. The master behind Napoleon’s visions was Baron Von Haussmann, prefect of the Seine. He created the Paris we know today with spacious boulevards and beautiful sights. The redevelopment by Napoleon III and Haussmann consisted of three major parts: streets and buildings, parks, and services. The first major problem with the city before reconstruction was that the streets were very narrow and wound endlessly around the city. These narrow streets had been a problem in that for many years they had been the battlegrounds for strikes against the French government. Haussmann and Napoleon sought to change this by widening the streets and give more structure to their flow. Haussmann saw streets as having two main purposes. The first was for a place to simply live, shop, and a place to socialize for the growing middle class. The second was a way to connect main points of the city. The streets provided rapid access from the railway stations, government buildings, central markets, hospitals and entertainment districts. It also linked the central organs of administration and businesses such as fire department riot police, ambulances, and depa rtment store deliveries. This reconstruction of streets could not be done without great demolition of many private buildings. Baron Haussmann and the redesign of Paris :: Essays Papers Baron Haussmann and the redesign of Paris During the last half of the 1800’s and the early part of the 1900’s urban population in western Europe made enormous increases. During this period France’s overall population living in cities increased twenty percent, and in Germany the increase was almost thirty percent. This great flow of people into cities created many problems in resource demands and patterns of urban life. These demands created a revolution in sanitation and medicine. Part of this revolution was the redesigning of cities. G.E. Baron Von Haussmann was the genius behind the new plans for the city of Paris. The redesign of Paris was one of the greatest ambitions for Napoleon III. He wanted to create another London, with large parks and open spaces. It also came out of the need for more efficient housing, wider streets to prevent riots and the building of a sewer system to stop the spread of diseases. The master behind Napoleon’s visions was Baron Von Haussmann, prefect of the Seine. He created the Paris we know today with spacious boulevards and beautiful sights. The redevelopment by Napoleon III and Haussmann consisted of three major parts: streets and buildings, parks, and services. The first major problem with the city before reconstruction was that the streets were very narrow and wound endlessly around the city. These narrow streets had been a problem in that for many years they had been the battlegrounds for strikes against the French government. Haussmann and Napoleon sought to change this by widening the streets and give more structure to their flow. Haussmann saw streets as having two main purposes. The first was for a place to simply live, shop, and a place to socialize for the growing middle class. The second was a way to connect main points of the city. The streets provided rapid access from the railway stations, government buildings, central markets, hospitals and entertainment districts. It also linked the central organs of administration and businesses such as fire department riot police, ambulances, and depa rtment store deliveries. This reconstruction of streets could not be done without great demolition of many private buildings.

Different Leadership Styles in the Public Service

There are several different leadership styles used within the public services. Therefore there are many varied suggestions that define someone as being a strong leader. However a ‘leadership style’ is a unique style that people recognise to encourage or influence other people in a way others do not so that they admire and want to be like. A team leader’s role in the public services is to provide instruction and direction and guidance and leadership this is to help inspire and encourage the team to reach their goals and aims.They have to keep the team focused on there current task or tasks and be able to communicate within their group effectively. Team spirit needs to be kept positive so that this ensures that tasks assigned are completed on time and that the group’s standards are always kept high. The three main Leadership styles used in the public services: AuthoritarianThe Authoritarian leader makes quick, clear and precise independent decisions without a ny input. Even if there was, it wouldn’t affect the overall decision making as it needs to be decided quickly. The appropriate leader that would use the common traits of an authoritarian leader would be an officer in the army because usually they are loud and demanding. DemocraticThe democratic leader involves the whole team having an input in the decision-making. The team members can give opinions that may affect or influence the final decision. The team leader is still responsible for the final decision but after listening, taking in account all the opinions and weighing them up. The appropriate way this style can be used is in the fire service, for example, rescuing a person or people in a burning building therefore it needs more than one person to help decide the best decision. Laissez faireThe laissez faire leader more of an independent off hands approach. This style is only used if the leader has a lot of trust in the team and relies on them to get on with the task in h and with high standards and little direction. However the team has a lot more freedom to achieve because they are highly motivated and feel empowered. For example the most effective way  this style could be used is if you gave a police forensic team to go out and complete a task.Other leadership styles used in public servicesTransactionalThe transactional style of leadership is pretty straight forward but it uses rewards and punishments to motivate the team. This is a style of leadership that is similar but not as extreme as the autocratic style. The transactional styles are direct and dominant and spend a great amount of time saying what is expected from the team as a whole. The leaders monitor the work and each and everyone’s individual performance, there is also a clear chain of command. Transactional leaders are very commonly found within businesses where people are given rewards such as bonuses, training or time off if they show a good demonstration.TransformationalThe transformational style of leadership focuses on the team’s performance as a whole, it encourages everyone to think of the group as a whole and rather not just themselves. Transformational leaders aim to make their team members better people by encouraging their self-awareness, it’s all about moving forward in a team and not just several individuals in one group. An example of transformational leadership would be within the army where as a team you all have to move forward and stick together in a group ‘’never leave a man behind’’.BureaucraticThe bureaucratic style of leadership is a style of leadership that focuses on rules and procedures to manage teams and projects. This is a classic style of leadership that is used quite a lot in organisations that don’t encourage innovation and change by leaders who maybe insecure and uncertain in what their role maybe. It is defused among a number of departments or people where there is a strict set of rules. This approach to leadership is commonly used in uniformed and non-uniformed public services. Bureaucratic  leadership is common in jobs were safety and efficiency is very important. Occupations would include fire-fighters, police, nursing, and the armed forces. People orientatedPeople Orientated is slightly similar but a bit different to the task-orientated leadership. Within this style of leadership, this style focuses on participation of all the team members, clear communication, supporting and developing the individual in order to improve their skills. The members of this team inspire other people by unlocking their own potential, this style is participative and encourages good team work. As an example in the police if a woman has kids the leader would let her go home and ask others to stay behind. Task OrientatedIn this style of leadership it’s all about getting the job done. It’s all about the key of the task rather than about everyone else in the team. Their main focus is just to get the task done weather it is instructed or unstructed. This style can have many difficulties such as difficulties of the lack of motivating and the retaining the team as a whole. An example a police inspector organising crowd control at a football match may use a task-cantered approach.Comparing and Evaluating the three main styles of leadership The three main types of leadership styles are Autocratic, Democratic, and Laissez-faire. Autocratic is when the leader has complete control, and no one else gets to make decisions. Despite that they get many tasks completed, morale is low. Democratic is considered to be the best. Everyone has a voice on how things are done. People who are then the leader have better morale, and get better quality of work done. Laissez Faire is when the leader plays no role in completing objectives. Very little is achieved under a Laissez Faire rule. If a civilian was trapped inside a vehicle after an accident collision th e fire brigade would be called to assist within the accident.The type of leadership style I would use in this scenario would be the democratic approach, my reasons for this are that the team need time to consider the best possible option/decision to bring about the best result. In my opinion I would not use the Autocratic approach as this is where a leader needs to  think and act fast without no input from their team. In this situation thinking and acting fast might not bring about the best result as you need to consider if the victim trapped in the vehicle has any injuries that might affect his removal from the vehicle, or any problems with the vehicle it’s self such as a dangerous leak that could potentially cause an explosion or a fire.

L’oreal and the Globalization of American Beauty Essay

How did L’Oreal become the world’s largest beauty company? What was the role of acquisitions in the growth? The global strategy of Loreal started first from European countries like Austria, Italy, and the Holland providing hare care and hair color products. After the launch in the USA, they decided to expand their market share by mainly M&A of many similar but way smaller companies. With proper acquisition strategy over the years, they finally became the largest company in beauty industry. L’Oreal offers consumers worldwide â€Å"American† and â€Å"French† concepts of beauty. Are there any limits to the national beauty images it can globalize? There may be some limits for Lorear to go more ‘worldwide’ even if they have huge branches and offices over the world. I think it may be related with ‘racial issues’. The society for ‘minority’ is changing faster than ever before, but still, the ‘majority’ of American and European countries are white but Asian, African American, and Hispanic. Thus, if they really care about optimal ‘globalization’ in all ways, they should probably consider making their diversified strategy in other markets (minorities). What are the global opportunities for Kiehl’s? What are the limits, if any? Even though Kiehl’s were taken over by Loreal through M&A, their products are not easily found at many stores, unlike there are so many producsts of Lorean in any store. And this is mainly because their products line are simply expensive targeting luxury market, so I think if they really want to go ‘global’ they should find proper way to make their products easily available to the customers through mega-stores like walmart, or target.

Net Effects essays

Net Effects essays The excessive amount of entertaining hours spent on the "International Super Highway" is simply not worth the long-term effects that come with it. Though the Internet provides the material joys of life - music, movies, games - as well as worldwide communication 24 hours a day, the 'Net does have it's set-backs. A few effects of Internet addiction include: "house -arrest," fallen grades at school, as well as the breaking up of personal relationships. When the need to go on the Internet becomes an addiction, staying at home is common ground. It becomes a routine of spending hours in front of the computer from dawn till dust, only leaving the screen for a snack or short break. In addition, the immeasurable amount of hours devoted to the Internet, neglects the time spent for homework and studying for school. Eventually, grades do fall and poor time management is certain. Grades are not the only elements that fall apart, but as do personal relationships with family and friends. Th e need to spend time on the computer rather than with those who are near and dear to you can most certainly break the bonds of a relationship. Similar to studies, friends and family can be neglected as well. Undoubtedly, spending an excessive amount of time on the Internet can result in drastic consequences. It can not only be addicting, but it can also lead to a negative change in your academics, and but personal life for sure. The saying that "Too much of anything, isn't good for you," proves accurate in Internet usage. ...

Economic freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic freedom - Essay Example The essay "Economic freedom" concerns the concept that called economic freedom. Studies have shown that human beings operate more efficiently when not under pressure. Freedom allows individuals to practice and fully exploit their creativity. Sociologists have linked human freedom to human creativity and have found it to be working hand in hand. The Sociologists argue that it allows for greater risks taking that would generate better ways of doing business. Economic freedom has three classical viewpoints, institutions, political and indices of economic freedom. This paper presents a discussion on economic freedom. For there to be a smooth flow of trade between parties, there are institutions of economic freedom set to achieve it. The first is the observance of the rule of law. In the application of the law, all parties are equal, and none is superior. The rule of law has obligations that ensure equality of individual in spite of any form of difference between them. Observance of the l aw protects traders from unfair completion. In law, two kinds of parties exist, the one with power and the other one who is governed. Both parties should act in a manner that is required of them and feel protected by the law. In as much as there is the observance of equality, it is not logical for every party to earn the same income. Equality comes in the sense of treatment of one another and not in the distribution of private resources. It is illogical for the government to redistribute earned resources. from citizens in the name of equality (Asafu-Adjaye 78). The next institution is a clear outline for the rights to own private property. A free market allows for the right for people to control their property and benefit from them. In addition to this, the individuals have a right to transfer their property at their own will. Therefore, an individual cannot be prevented from doing whatever he or she likes with the property. With this kind of system, traders are motivated to pursue their goals and continue adding value to their property. The traders are confident that they are capable of transferring their income anytime without the fear of having to leave anything behind when they opt to leave. Studies show that areas with well-defined property rules have a faster economic growth as compared to the areas without. Most research argues that this property rule is the main reason for poverty in third world countries since they do not have well spelt out systems. The third is the freedom of contract, which refers to the right of choosing whom to trade with, or not. The individual parties choose the form of contracts to get into and establish an agreement. However, once establishing the contract they both have to fulfill the terms and conditions and see it through whether one realizes that he will incur losses. In as much as most of the contracts are fair, some are not especially when the parties are unequal. An example is in the case of workers and employers when negotiating a number of working hours. The employer would be looking at maximizing the hours while the worker will be looking at minimizing it. However, since the employer has an upper hand, he tends to win the negotiation (Noyes 43). Economical freedom has come hand in hand with political freedom. Since the market is free, it has prevented politics to dominate trade. This has reduced the threat of suffering because of a political affiliation. It is a point worth noting that economical freedom has grown with the coming of political freedom.

Language and Gender Interaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Language and Gender Interaction - Essay Example In fact, Lakoff also goes further to point out that women find themselves in a no win situation; when they use powerless talk they are not taken seriously and when they become assertive they are frowned upon. This paper is a report on a study carried out to verify whether women indeed employ a register of speech different from that of men. The study also sought to find out if the manner of speech depended on the type of audience being addressed. The audience variables included same sex, mixed sex and an audience younger than the speaker (Children). The rationale of this study was to provide facts, if any were found to exist, about the issue of gender determined language. More often than not, allegations that are mostly aimed at trying to put women down in the social hierarchy have been made to the effect that it exists. Such allegations have rarely been supported by factual data. This study therefore aimed to gather factual data that could contribute to shedding light on whether women's manner of speaking is different from that of men. This could shed light and give direction to the debate. The main thrust of gender-based analyses of language has been the norm-and-devia... The masculine manner of speech is therefore the norm while the feminine method is the deviation, Hall, K. and Bucholtz, M., (1995). This forms the basis upon which the linguistic behavior of either gender is judged. Cameron, et al (1988) point out that it can't be a coincidence that men are aggressive and hierarchically organized conversationalists while women ate expected to provide support to conversation. This position seems to point out to an actual existence of differences in manner of and role in speech delivery that is dictated by individual gender. Indeed that existence of this gender schism is a matter widely taken for granted especially when religious scriptures with Judeo-Christian allegations of male supremacy come into play. Hard data to support such conventions is what is direly needed and there is too little of it. For instance, there is little evidence that in mixed gender gatherings women talk more than men. This is an issue that is assumed rather than proven to be true. Linguists Tannen, Deborah (1994) and Holmes, Janet (2006) have investigated conversational styles in business corporations to verify the gender stereotypes. Their study found that gendered speech does not exist along a continuum. Instead, both males and females use masculine and feminine forms of expression at different times in different contexts. One such context variable is the nature of the speech community. A speech community denotes any group of people coming together to discuss any given issue of mutual interest. Such a community can range from pupil s in a classroom to a crowd at an accident scene. As soon as the group is formed, rules of engagement in the conversation emerge. People will therefore talk differently

Leadership Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership - Coursework Example What I would want from my leader is his understanding. I believe that my manager should try to understand me whenever I give my opinion. They should listen to what everyone in the group they are leading since everyone needs to be given a chance to talk. My leader should not just see me just as a physical being, but should realize that I have my needs. Whenever one performs well should be motivated by being given rewards. It means that my leader will be appreciative of the work done by his group. My manager needs to be open-minded, consistent, whereby he or she is reliable and responsive, friendly, encouraging and just (Hogan & Kaisern 172). Not all managers can be transformational leaders because transformation theory tends to focus on the kind of relationship exists between the leader and his followers. Therefore, meaning that the leadership will include the use of charisma and interpersonal skills to assist the workers in achieving their objectives (Hogan & Kaisern 175). If a manager needs to be a transformational leader, he or she needs to possess transformational leadership qualities that will help them to make their followers and those around them feel that they are necessary. That is, valuing them, satisfying their needs and assessing associates’ motives. In relation to transformational leadership theory, women are argued to have more leadership potential as opposed to men. According to the theory, women tend to lead their followers more effectively than that of men (Northouse 17). It is because transformational leadership being that it needs leaders who are inspirational, empowering, concerned of their followers, positive role models and are capable of pushing their members in becoming creative. Research has depicted that women leaders have high transformational qualities and attributes than men (Yulk 28). In my opinion, I believe that

Commodity Trade Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Commodity Trade Questions - Essay Example The regulations were set at 40%. GAFTA is the only agreement that comprises of all the Arab states coming together to agree on trade relations. It was also guided by politic institutions which include the Gulf Cooperative Council and Arab League. It removes several walls that would have prevented an easy flow of trade which include the tariffs, monetary, administrative and NTBS. It has well defined rules from the routes of these communities. Benefits With this agreement, All the member states are expected to expand their intra-regional trade. Production is bound to increase since his agreement will encourage exploitation of comparative advantage and scale economies. With an increase in competition in the market, there will be a choice for consumers as companies are going to struggle and venture in other form of producing different products. Rules and regulations of trade will improve as import prices are going to go down. With GAFTA in effect, regional development is going to be noti ced drastically. Question 2 How to reduce the risk for global commodity trader Since there is high profit expected in any global commodity trade, the risks are also high. According to (Williams, 1999), when one is involved in commodity trading, he is bound to lose more cash than what he takes to the bank. Always have a strategy to control some risks. If you have a valid risk plan, it will warn you when to indulge in the risk or run away. A global commodity trader should interpret all the risks involved in a business deal so that he does not get confused in the time of when to stay put or to run. Every commodity global trader should have established a specific price so as to prevent losses unlike when he does not have a stop price. If this trader has a stop price he is more likely to manage his losses and vice Versa. Risks due to language barriers can be solved with the presence of an interpreter or trading in the market where there is a language spoken in common. The trader should a lways make sure that he is trading with registered and incensed traders. He should upgrade his license every time it is required of him to avoid problems that may arise from it. It is up to the seller to determine where to deliver his goods. The place of trade should be a peaceful place free from war. He should be positively confident that the country he is trading in has a foreign currency. It is up to the seller to have the right quality and quantity of goods needed in the market foe efficiency. He should also learn about the markets he is involved in and try to understand them fully. This includes their terms and conditions. He should understand the culture of the particular people he is trading with and should avoid all corrupt deals as they are likely to backfire. Learn about all the governments you are involved in during trade and know their capabilities of them paying their debts. There are other markets that a global commodity trader can consider. According to (Cark, Lesourd , & Thieblemont, 2001) trading of commodities, markets may be physical or derivative. Question 3 What do the following ICC Inco terms stand for? According to (Moens & Gillis, 1998) EXW: this Inco term stands for EX Works/Ex factory. When doing business under the influence of this policy, the seller is supposed to make the products available to the buyer at the sellers’ business premise. It is up to the buyer to collect it. WWD: Weather Working Days. This means

Refugees and Social Integration in Winnipeg

Refugees and Social Integration in Winnipeg This paper will examine refugees and social integration in Winnipeg and attempt to answer the questions posed in the syllabus. The status of refugees is significant in Winnipeg as the province of Manitoba admits more than 1000 refugees per year[1], the majority of who settle in Winnipeg. Refugees arrive in Winnipeg often with very little and are desperate to be able to integrate successfully, however this can be difficult to achieve. These new arrivals impact the city in that they are dependent on social services which in turn cost the government money. In addition due to lack of available funds upon arrival refugees often have to live in high poverty areas[2], centered on the downtown which leads to social issues that can be difficult for refugees to live with. In these circumstances making valuable social connections can be hard, often cultural differences make it challenging for new arrivals to make connections with the community, or neighbours. Poverty rates remain high for refugees living in Winnipeg and over time this has a detrimental effect not only on the lives of the refugees themselves but of the community at large as high poverty areas become a burden on the social services and typically have high rates of crime[3]. The number of refugees seeking entry to Canada has been steady increasing since 2000, this apparently in line with growing conflicts across Africa and the Middle East. Around these regions the nature of conflicts has been changing from nations fighting each other to civil conflicts within a nation, which tend to go on for much longer than tradition conflicts. In countries such as Syria, Iraq and Somalia ongoing civil war and terrorist insurgency has had a devastating effect on the civilian populations. People are often targeted for perceived allegiances to one side or the other and are persecuted for it, the level of destruction surrounding civilian populations is high and as a result many people become displaced, people who in turn become refugees seeking asylum abroad. These people often have to leave their homes quickly and with very little in terms of monetary value for fear of their lives. Understandably these people look abroad for support where they might be free from the fear and oppression that they would suffer if they returned to their home countries. As the conflicts in these regions continue more and more people will seek a better opportunity to live abroad, and Canada is a desired destination. With the increase in asylum seekers more people are seeking entry to Canada under refugee status, this impacts Winnipeg as more new arrivals will be refugees and unlike landed immigrants these people often will require significant assistance with social integration [4]among other things. The city of Winnipeg and how many refugees we admit per year has a direct impact on the people living in destitute conditions, be it in overcrowded housing on UN tent camps. Their standard of living increases dramatically being able to live here, and despite initial challenges in getting situated the chance to live here is something sought after by many around the world. The status of refugees in Winnipeg admittedly affects me very little. Personally I cannot say that I know anyone who is a refugee or even any friends that know one. However despite not personally being impacted by refugees I can see the effects of the city as a whole. While sympathetic towards the difficulties these people have faced I am also aware of the burden that is placed on social services and private individuals and institutions to support refugees, support which regular immigrants would under most circumstances not need. It is also good to keep in mind that Canada is running a deficit and any increase in social spending does nothing to help with that. People I know have also been impacted as refugees predominantly work in the service and labour sectors and hold relatively high employment around 80%[5], this could be a factor into why people around my age have difficulty finding employment at traditionally entry level jobs, such as retail, food industry etc. As for how I impa ct the social integration of refugees in the city I would have to say not at all, as I don’t know any refugees and I am not in any position to impact their lives. Personal bias aside as far as a critical assessment goes, I would begin with saying that refugees face incredible challenges both in leaving their home countries and establishing themselves in Canada. Refugees arriving in Winnipeg often have very little money, and low prospects of a good paying job and face difficulty in dealing with the trauma that they may have experienced due to war or persecution of some kind in their country of origin[6]. Due to how refugees are dispersed across Canada new arrivals often find themselves isolated and without anyone of their own cultural background to associate with, I can imagine how difficult this might be, for instance if there were to hypothetically be a civil war break out in Canada and myself and family were forced to relocate to somewhere like Nairobi or Istanbul I could see how difficult it would be to fit into society. The same can be said about refugees from Africa and the Mid-East many of whom don’t even speak English which is es sential to living in Canada. As well once a refugee does arrive things often aren’t as great as they had been led to believe, in the case of Winnipeg most refugees in recent times are from visible minorities and often have to live in poverty stricken neighbourhoods around the downtown core area[7]. I have found that once a refugee has been successfully settled in Winnipeg the majority of assistance they had received goes away and considers the job done. While I can see how it would be costly to maintain direct support for all of the refugee families admitted it is clear that many struggle with a number of issues after social services move on to the next family. The theoretical lens which I have viewed this in is the Liberal approach, which also seems to be the method by which the West approaches refugees in general. The most important point being that there is a moral imperative to help these people the best way we can with the abundant resources at our disposal. This also plays into international justice and how to Liberal west can help those that are oppressed by people who hold opposing views. Looking at the status of refugees in Winnipeg it is clear that Liberal minding institutions have helped many thousands of people, not only find homes but also employment. While I can certainly appreciate the good done on behalf of institutions in Winnipeg clearly more has to be done. Many of the values which we hold here are not readily apparent to refugees who are finding it difficult to manage here and find them falling into poverty. This seems to be a recurring issue within the refugee population in the city and it is troubling that despite the numbers of those stuck in poverty they seem to have been largely abandoned by the government which continues to bring in more refugees without improving the conditions of those already here[8]. It follows to me at least that if those refugees here in Winnipeg are able to access better education and jobs that they would be able to contribute far more to our society that they are at the present. With higher wages they would be able to afford their own homes, rather than be exploited by landlords that enjoy powerful positions over refugees in their situations. With access to jobs more befitting of their qualifications they would be able to afford education for any children they may have brought with them which in turn leads to a better community as a whole since their children would be far less likely to get into crime or be recruited into street gangs, a real issue among young African male refugees who see it as the only opportunity to better their position. Certain policies I would a lso view as questionable, for instance the cost effective move to have affordable housing located in the worst parts of the city. While this may be less of a burden of the social services it does little to help the city of Winnipeg in the long-term. As these refugees are forced to live in dangerous neighbourhoods where children are routinely exploited, this does nothing to exhale the value were place on Liberty in the West. These families are forced to live in cramped, dirty apartments where social interactions with the community tend to be minimal due to crime within those areas. From my own experiences in dealing with people downtown I can imagine some of the difficulties a recent Syrian or African immigrant may face if they have to work late night as past a certain time the majority of people leave the downtown area and it can become dangerous to have to travel on foot very late into the night. This goes back to the issue of good employment, having to work late night shift work w ith the chance of being harassed or accosted after work doesn’t sound very appealing to me. The lack of continued aid once a refugee has found a job is a failure, and aid agencies like Winnipeg harvest among others are often strained to help or are unknown to refugee families. Now that isn’t to say that I believe we are obligated to help refugees, however if Canada is to uphold the Liberal values which it proclaims then we should handle refugees properly and with adequate support networks in place. From the articles and new reports I have researched for this paper it is clear that while refugees are certainly grateful to everything Canada has given them, it simply is not enough once they are settled and families fall into poverty and all associated issues. I can think of several things that could help the situation of refugees in the city, of course doing the right thing tends never to be time/cost effective. Recognition of refugees education is a big step in helping t hem to get meaningful employment, many refugees simply cannot afford to go to school here when they must work long hours to support themselves and families. I our diverse multicultural society it would pay off in the long term to give refugees better access to working environments, longer programs to ensure successful integration. Also better methods to deal with the trauma and mental issues that accompany living in a warzone. All told despite the many issues, refugees are doing well in Winnipeg issues in good employment remain but refugees do overwhelmingly feel safe in Winnipeg are at least able to find work for the most part. With the financial difficulties facing Canada, and Winnipeg it is understandable that we simply cannot provide the best for refugees at the moment without a noticeable impact of groups giving aid to Canadians that already are in need, however anything we can give them is far better than what they would have faced in their country of origin. Bibliography Articles Carter, Derwing, Ogilivie, T. Wotherspoon. â€Å"Prairies Region,† Our Diverse Cities 6 (2009): 8-50, 104. Omidvar, Richmond. â€Å"Immigrant Settlement and Social Inclusion in Canada,† Working Paper Series: Perspectives on Social Inclusion (2003) 44. Gyepi-Garbrah, J., Walker, R., Garcea, J.† Indigeneity, Immigrant Newcomers and Interculturalism in Winnipeg, Canada.†Urban Studies (2013). Short Sources Carol Sanders, â€Å"Feds to pay for only 40% of refugees,† Winnipeg Free Press, January 1, 2015. Accessed April 1, 2015. http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/feds-to-pay-for-only-40-of-refugees-288229911.html Janine LeGal, â€Å"Congo refugee Hilaire Ndyat helps new immigrants settle in Winnipeg,† Canadian Immigrant, August 12, 2011. Accessed April 1, 2015. http://canadianimmigrant.ca/immigrant-stories/careers/congo-refugee-hilaire-ndyat-helps-new-immigrants-settle-in-winnipeg Carol Sanders, â€Å"Syrian refugees’ obstacles decried,† Winnipeg Free Press, April 1, 2014. Accessed April 1, 2015. http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/syrian-refugees-obstacles-decried-253319531.html Amanda Thorsteinsson, November 27, 2013 (3:45 PM), Special to CBC news â€Å"Syrian refugees faced with nowhere to live† http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/syrian-refugees-faced-with-nowhere-to-live-1.2442659 Donna Carreiro, â€Å"Winnipeg refugee the face of a global crisis,† CBC News December 15, 2014. Accessed March 27, 2015. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/winnipeg-refugee-the-face-of-a-global-crisis-1.2872961 Manitoba Immigrant and Refugee Settlement Sector Association, Last modified 2015. http://www.mirssa.org/about.aspx Voices of Manitoba, https://manitobavoices.wordpress.com/about/resources-for-refugees-in-winnipeg/ Carol Sanders, â€Å"Manitoba hit record refugee count in 2013,† Winnipeg Free Press, March 27, 2014. Accessed March 27, 2015. http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/manitoba-hit-record-refugee-count-in-2013-252590021.html University of Winnipeg Communications, December 9, 2014. â€Å"Bridging two worlds: Helping refugee youth succeed in Canada† http://news-centre.uwinnipeg.ca/all-posts/bridging-two-worlds-helping-refugee-youth-succeed-in-canada/ Shane Gibson, â€Å"Tough road for African immigrants, refugees in Winnipeg: report.† Metro News, July 26, 2012. Accessed April 1, 2015. http://metronews.ca/news/winnipeg/310949/tough-road-for-african-immigrants-refugees-in-winnipeg-report/ CBC News, â€Å"Syrian refugees glad to be in Winnipeg, but struggle to feed kids,† CBC News, July 4, 2014. Accessed April 6, 2015. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/syrian-refugees-glad-to-be-in-winnipeg-but-struggle-to-feed-kids-1.2697018 Shane Gibson, â€Å"Library for refugee and immigrant children opens in Winnipeg,† Metro News, February 6, 2015. Accessed April 6, 2015. http://metronews.ca/news/winnipeg/1281922/library-for-refugee-and-immigrant-children-opens-in-winnipeg/ â€Å"Winnipeg Crime Statistics† last modified April 5, 2015 http://www.winnipeg.ca/crimestat/ [1] Carter, Derwing, Ogilivie, Wotherspoon, â€Å"Prairies Region.† [2] â€Å"Prairies Region† [3] â€Å"Winnipg Crime Statistics† [4] Omidvar, Richmond â€Å"Immigrant Settlement and Social Inclusion in Canada† [5] â€Å"Prairire Regions† [6] Gyepi-Garbrah, J., Walker, R., Garcea, J. â€Å"Indigeneity, Immigrant Newcomers and Interculturalism in Winnipeg† [7] â€Å"Prairie Region† [8] â€Å"Immigrant Settlement and Social Inclusion in Canada†

A Trip To Panama City :: essays research papers

A Trip To Panama City Day 1:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We arrived at Omar Torrijos airport via American Airlines early in the afternoon. We purchased our required tourist cards (3 balboas, as US dollars are called in Panama) at the airport, then caught a taxi for the 18 mile ride to our downtown hotel. The ride in the battered, un-airconditioned car was rather expensive (30 balboas), but the driver spoke English and was very friendly. We arrived at the hotel and checked in. While my dad was checking in I bought a guidebook in the hotel lobby and read up on the history of Panama City. The original city was founded in 1519 by Pedro Arias Davila, known as Pedrarias the Cruel, because of his eradication of all but three of the local Indian tribes during his tenure in Panama. Davila used the city as a place to store Incan gold before it was shipped to Spain. The original city was sacked and burned in 1671 by a group of buccaneers led by Henry Morgan. The city was rebuilt within a year, this time on a peninsula 18 miles away and surrounded by a strong wall. This old Spanish city is now the in the middle downtown Panama City.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Panama City is an international melting pot and its eating choices range from American fast food to excellent internationall cuisine. Eager to begin our sightseeing, we grabbed lunch at a nearby McDonald's after checking in then caught a bus. The buses in Panama are a tourist attraction in themselves. They are brightly painted, hung with fringe, and have constantly blaring Salsa and Caracas music playing. They are cheap (50 cents a ride). but are very crowded. After asking several drivers â€Å"Donde va este autobus?† we finally found one going to the Plaza Independencia. This plaza is the main square of the colonial town and is bordered on one side by a cathedral with twin mother of pearl towers that took 108 years to complete. On two other sides it is bordered by the Archbishop's Palace, now a university and the Central Post Office. While in the old part of Panama City we also visited the Iglesia de San Jose and saw the Golden Aaltar. This altar was in the original Panama City and was saved from Henry Morgan's pirates by a monk who painted it black to disguise it. When we finished touring we returned to our hotel and then ate dinner at El Pez de Ora, one of the city' famous seafood restaurants. Day 2:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We woke early and headed out for a morning of shopping at the Mercado

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An International trade theory, grounded In the work of Adam Smith and David Richard, that focuses on the Importance of comparative advantage obtained through differences in natural or acquired economic advantages is referred to as: a. Classical trade theory b. Factor proportion theory c. Product life cycle theory d. Competitive advantage theory 2. Paul German's â€Å"realist† perspective embraces which of the following conclusions: a. Countries compete with each other much like companies compete with each other ND must therefore engage in similar strategic behaviors b.Government intervention in the market Is often essential due to imperfections that allow for the formation of monopolies and oligopolies In lucrative Industry segments c. Economic growth In one country must come at the expense of economic growth in another, therefore countries must protect domestic Industry in many instances d. Market imperfections due in fact exist, but the prospects for improving the situation through strategic trade policy is overstated by those in favor of government intervention 3.Cluster theory suggests that companies obtain resources as a result of geographic proximity to other related and supportive Industries primarily as a result of: a. Information spillovers b. Lower shipping costs c. Region specific subsidies d. Access to a common labor pools 4. A theory of Internationalization, observed In the wine Industry In the assigned readings, that focuses on the development of relationships between producers, suppliers, competitors, and government to obtain information and resources necessary to complete globally is referred to as: a. Pascal model b. Network model .Innovation model d. Leverage model 5. Michael Porters Diamond Model focuses on all of the following, EXCEPT: a. The Importance of International competition to drive technological Innovation b. C. Sophisticated domestic demand that encourages new product and service development d. The presence of related and su pportive industries in the domestic market 6. Mercantilism refers to policies and practices designed to: a. Encourage international trade through the creation of innovative products and services b. Remove regulatory and economic barriers to international competition c.Create a trade surplus by subsidizing domestic firms and limiting foreign competition d. Discourage all international trade to promote national independence and self- sufficiency 7. An international trade theory, grounded in the work of Wassail Limonite, that focuses on trade cycles emerging from production initially by a parent company, then by a foreign subsidiary, and ultimately by foreign competitors is referred to as: a. Classical trade theory d. Competitive advantage theory 8. Advocates of Porter's Diamond Model believe governments should support mommies industries by engaging in which of the following activities: a.Subordination of industries of national importance to improve their competitive position b. Imposi tion of barriers to prevent foreign competitors from entering domestic markets c. Provision of supportive public infrastructure and education needed to support emerging industries d. The government should play no role in supporting or developing domestic industries 9. Cluster theory focuses primarily on the creation of competitive advantage through: a. Ongoing investment in research and development to encourage innovation b.Intense price competition designed to bring down the cost of products and services c. Transportation costs associated with bringing goods and services to market d. Interactions between geographic concentrations of interconnected companies 10. The case study of wine clusters indicates that firms in this industry located in both Brazil and France have effectively leveraged which of the following cluster resources to facilitate the internationalization process: a. Affordable input costs b. Regional reputation and culture c. Manufacturing expertise d. Labor spillover s

Durkheim and Social Fact Essay

Emile Durkheim’s â€Å"The Rules of Sociological Method† posits the existence of various ‘social facts’ which, according to him, should be the scope of all sociological study and discourse. Durkheim’s discourse defines social facts as, †¦a category of facts with very distinctive characteristics: it consists of ways of acting, thinking and feeling, external to the individual, and endowed with a power of coercion, by reason of which they control him. (Durkheim 3) Thus the three main features of social facts are surfaced; as being external to the individual, emanating from a general and higher level than the individual and that these coerce or force an individual to act in accordance to them for the purpose of control. These facts, according to Durkheim, must be considered things, which he defines as realities that may be observed and classified. These things are posited to exist on the level of society, completely outside the realm of the individual and are used to control a person’s thoughts, actions and feeling from being otherwise. Should a person refuse to submit to this coercion, he would find himself the object of negative reactions ranging from ridicule, isolation or even concrete punishment or sanction. The implications of this definition initially cast sociology’s field of study as all-encompassing, referring to all realities and processes of human life and behavior, thus Durkheim seeks to clarify and establish the meaning of the descriptor ‘social’ as opposed to other adjectives such as ‘biological’, psychological’ and ‘philosophical’. Each individual drinks, sleeps, eats, reasons; and it is society’s interest that these functions be exercised in an orderly manner. If then, all these facts are counted as â€Å"social† facts, sociology would have no subject matter exclusively its own, and its domain would be confused with biology and psychology. (Durkheim 1) As mentioned above, Durkheim perceives the social fact as the scope of sociological study, and uses other fields of study to show what sociology should underscore. Biological facts and study deal with characteristics of the physical body of a person and are therefore not social, since the need to follow these facts (such as sleeping, eating and breathing) emanate from the physiological needs of an organism to survive. Psychological study deals with thought processes and phenomena that occur within an individual’s consciousness. Durkheim posits that ‘social’ facts emanate not from one person’s consciousness nor from a person’s physiological needs, but from the level of society itself, â€Å"†¦ this term [social] fits them quite well, for it is clear that, since their source is not the individual, their substratum can be no other than society. † (Durkheim 3) Another implication of his definition is that social facts exist only with the presence of social institutions which enforce them and create them. For Durkheim, it is imperative to clarify that in most cases a social institution exists with the social fact, but it must not be thought that for a social fact to exist, a social institution must be present to have created it. Rather, the reverse of the causation is in place. Social facts create social institutions which enforce and perpetuate them, but there are also other social facts which do not require the presence of an institution to sanction them. Durkheim defines such deinstitutionalized social facts as ‘social currents’, â€Å"They come to each one of us from without and carry us away in spite of ourselves. † (4) He uses the example of crowd euphoria and feeling to illustrate these. Social facts are further classified into the ‘normal’ and the ‘pathological’. Durkheim classifies social facts under these two categories in order to illustrate the coercive nature of social facts and how society has been shaped to perpetuate and enforce them. Normal social facts refer to â€Å"those which conform to given standards† while pathological social facts refer to â€Å"those which ‘ought’ to be different† (Durkheim 47). Normal social facts are those most widely occurring in the society in question and function in such a way that their presence maintains social order and accepted social life. Durkheim further posited that for a social fact to be considered normal, it would contribute to the health of a society, as mentioned earlier, it maintains accepted social processes, it promotes and is naturally coherent with accepted social norms. The vague nature of this definition and its subjectivity was borne from Durkheim’s goal of trying to contextualize and take into consideration the diversity of social life across different cultures and societies. This implies the existence of facts that are produced to control people to act in accordance to accepted norms and values, and the existence of facts whose purpose is to illustrate what is a deviation from the previously-mentioned accepted norms and values. The characteristic of social facts that posits a force that coerces people to adhere to them is what required Durkheim to make this categorization. He defined social facts as things, as realities, and thus he would seek to define the normal and the abnormal things and realities that are placed under the domain of what are considered ‘social’. If social facts exist outside the individual and are imposed upon him, what of the phenomenon that occur which are deviations from the norm, how are these to be explained as sociological when they do not adhere to society? Pathological social facts are therefore things or realities that occur in less cases than the normal social facts to show that these things are what are considered ‘abnormal’ or have some form of ‘morbidity’ that characterizes them as deviations. Durkheim compared this analogy with physiological studies, which first deal with a healthy, ‘normal’ human body and then would study the ‘abnormalities’ of the body, the possible symptoms and causes of sickness or ‘morbidity’. As the physiologist studies diseases within the human body, so does a sociologist study the pathological or ‘morbid’ phenomenon that occurs outside the individual’s consciousness. Another argument that Durkheim presents in defining the normal social fact is that ‘normal’ phenomena are often present not because of social norms and values but because of logical necessity. He argues that normal facts differ across species, but these facts are present mostly because the species has to adapt to its environment and are necessary (Durkheim 60) Rejecting other definitions of normal facts, Durkheim posited that normal facts are relative to the specific species in question during a specific time in its evolutional phase. Normal facts are therefore not permanent nor are they universal. He emphasizes this because of his previous statements that because of the normalcy and frequency of these facts they are attributed to be superior in nature. Durkheim decides what constitutes ‘normal’ social facts by evaluating the causal conditions that govern a certain fact. If, at a certain point in the society’s development, the social fact is acceptable, then the fact is normal. An example would be the practice of a girl asking a boy to engage in a social, romantic relationship with her. In these modern times, this is considered a normal fact because of the rise of female empowerment and liberalism. However, if this social fact was to be classified during the Renaissance period, it would have been classified as abnormal, because women did not enjoy empowerment or the same power they enjoy today. A social fact’s nature is intrinsic to society’s norms and causal functions that create it at a certain point in time, and not with the wideness of occurrence or moral acceptability. Durkheim takes into account how social facts may change their nature as normal and pathological over time, especially through the process of evolution, â€Å"After having established by observation that a particular fact is general, he will go back to the conditions which determined this generality in the past and will then investigate whether these conditions are still given in the present or if, on contrary they have changed. † (Durkheim 61) Contention between the two types of social fact and the rough definition that Durkheim posited may be seen in the presence of crime within a society. Crime, at first glance would be characterized as a pathological social fact, as it would feature morbidity and abnormality. This is a common perception that all criminologists would adhere to. However, crime is posited by Durkheim as a normal social fact. Durkheim showed that crime is present in all societies but in different forms, as normal and pathological facts differ across societies and evolutionary phases (65). He further stated that even in societies where crime rate is high and incidences rampant, a change may occur depending on the future state of the society which will lessen the rate of normalcy of crime (66). Crime for Durkheim is separate and different from criminal behavior and criminal acts, since these are able to be explained on levels other than on the societal. Thus Durkheim posited that the act of doing a criminal deed is not what is normal, but the presence of crime within society which is normal (67). The presence of deviations from the norm may be seen in all societies, but since the act in itself is brought about by psychological reasons and other factors that may be apparent on the individual level, criminal behavior may be part sociological and part psychological. Crime is posited to be variant and subjective across cultures and societies, and is always present no matter how rigid the norms in a society are. Crime is defined in a society based on the norms and values it holds in importance. Durkheim’s ‘collective conscience’ that governs society is what is held responsible for defining the criminal act. Again, in an effort to take into account the diversity of societies, Durkheim posits crime as subjective and dependent on social norms, with the level of tolerance of the society in question dictating what is considered crime and what is considered aberrant or curious behavior worthy or mere ridicule and oddity. Crime is always present in any society no matter how ordered and rigid it is, but with the higher control present in a society, the level of the sophistication of crime and the intricacy and effort used in committing a criminal act increases as well, in relation to the difficulty in crime commission. Statistics may then be inferred by the student to be one concrete manifestation of a social fact because of its nature of describing trends and social phenomenon, but Durkheim posited otherwise. He posited that statistics is used to represent the ‘collective mind’ which is the sum of the individual cases that adhere to social facts, whether normal or pathological. Statistics is used to isolate these specific trends. Though individual cases no doubt have other mitigating biological and psychological factors for occurring, statistics provides a way to neutralize or eliminate the individualistic factors that may constitute the cases as not within the realm of sociology. Durkheim justifies the normalcy of crime in a given society by citing that there is not society where crime is not present. Criminal acts are always regarded with negative sentiments in any society (Durkheim 66). However, Durkheim showed that the presence of crime affirms the normal social facts, that it enforces the normal by existing as a source of punishment for its own commission. In a society that has the strictest and most rigid structure of rules and normal fact that must be adhered to at all times, crime is not entirely eliminated but actually more apparent, more frowned-upon and more heavily sanctioned. Thus, the presence of crime is considered normal and the commission of criminal acts is pathological. With all this said about the social fact, the idea of a ‘social system’ would create some contentions. Social facts are thought to emanate from the societal level through a collective consciousness, where the individual is forced to conform and adhere to. A social system would imply that the relationship between individuals and society would not be so linear and one-sided. A social system would imply that as society exerts a force on the individual, so does an individual upon society. Durkheim’s ‘collective consciousness’ would then be debunked as an illusion which is perpetuated in society. A systems framework for sociological study would then take into consideration the effect of individuals in society as social institutions and structures that are composed of individuals. Durkheim’s theory on social fact would then be debunked as emanating from an illusion and would lose its objectivity and its characteristic of being grounded on reality. Works Cited Durkheim, Emile. The Rules of Sociological Method. New York: The Free Press, 1938.